Definition:
- Hypertension (HTN) means elevated blood pressure and can be defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) higher than 120 mg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) higher than 80.
- There are 3 different stages of hypertension described, depending on the degree of blood pressure elevation and the corresponding treatment recommendations. Pre-hypertension is described as SBP of 120-139 and DBP of 80-89; stage 1 is described as SBP 140-159 and DBP 90- 99; Stage 2 SBP greater than 160 and DBP greater than 100.
- HTN is considered the most important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries others include smoking and elevated cholesterol.
- Risk factors for developing HTN may include male gender, genetic predisposition, and aging. It is estimated that more than 65% of persons 65 years old or older are hypertensive.
- Even a small reduction of 5 mm Hg of SBP is shown to reduce mortality by 7%.
- HTN is frequently asymptomatic and does not cause discomfort thus may not seem significant to patients.
Treatment:
Rule out medical conditions:
- During the workup process for HTN, the following medical conditions should be checked and treated – if necessary:
- Insulin Resistance
- Apnea
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Toxins
- Inflammatory/autoimmune conditions
- Gut issues
Lifestyle:
- Some lifestyle changes may make a big difference in the treatment of HTN such as:
- Eat whole foods, mostly plant-based and do not overeat
- Increase soluble fiber intake, oily fish, 70% cacao dark chocolate
- Reduce unhealthy fats including hydrogenated vegetable oils, unhealthy sugars including high-fructose corn syrup, alcohol, caffeine, sodium
- Exercise at least 30 minutes a day at least 4 days per week.
- Do not smoke.
- Try DASH diet
- Lose weight, if overweight
Mind-body:
- Mind-body techniques have proven effective in the treatment of HTN including:
- Relaxation techniques such as breathing techniques and biofeedback
- Daily meditation, start with 10-15 minutes and then expand to longer periods.
- Yoga and tai chi
Supplements can be helpful when used under the care of your provider.
Medications are the standard therapy for HTN and may be used selectively if required.